Unless stated otherwise or obvious,
throughout the paper newly introduced variables and functions
are assumed to cover the range implicit in the context.
denotes the binary alphabet
,
the set of possible bitstrings over
,
denotes the number of bits in a bitstring
;
the
-th bit of
;
the empty string (where
);
if
and
otherwise (where
).
Occasionally it may be convenient
to consult Figure 1 below.
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